Weed control by crop rotations

Weed control is essential for successful crop production, as weed are ever present in the soil and can potentially reduce yields every year.

Weed populations in a field are relatively constant from year to year whereas insect and disease outbreaks, although they can have dramatic effects, can be sporadic.

Crop rotation can be a valuable part of an integrated weed controls strategy. Rotation regularly changes the crop, soil preparation practices, subsequent soil tillage, and weed control techniques in a field. All of these affect weed populations. Weed populations utilize specific ecological niches that are similar to the crops on which they proliferate, or they take advantage of conditions associated with that crop.

Diverse crop rotation creates an unfavorable environment for specific weeds and thus delays or deters the adaption of that population to the agroecosystem. Crop rotation is  a preventive tactic that reduces the weed seedbank size and diversity.

Summer annual weeds, for example predominate on a corn/soybean rotation because both crops and weeds are summer annuals. This is because crops rotation provides continuous and evenness of a wider diversity of species is favored.
Weed control by crop rotations 

Land of agriculture

Agriculture land can be broken down into three aggregates:
*Arable land
*Permanent crop
*Permanent pasture

Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops, temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture. The various uses of arable land depend primarily on technical factors and on agricultural market condition.

Permanent pasture is the land used permanently for herbaceous forage crops, either cultivated or growing wild. Permanent pasture varies greatly in quality both between and within the countries. In United Kingdom and Ireland much of the pasture in mountainous areas supports only a very low density of livestock, whereas water meadows provide good supplies of fodder.

While permanent corps land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee and rubber.

Changes in the pattern of agricultural land use from arable crops to pasture, from more to less intensive cropping systems, and terms of different cropping can have considerable environmental effects.

Some examples, enhancing the biodiversity and habitat functions provided by different cropping systems and altering the sink functions of farm land affecting the net emission of greenhouse gases from agriculture.

While the conversion of pasture to forestry, for example, can be beneficial to biodiversity it will depend on both the quality of farmed habitat loss to forestry and also whether the forest is developed commercially or left to develop naturally.
Land of agriculture

Bananas tree

Bananas belong to the genus Musa, of the family Musaceae and the order Scitamineae. Bananas are not grown commercially in the continental United States, but some are grown in Hawaii and shipped to the mainland.

In the western hemispheres, the chief production of bananas occurs in Mexico and the Central Americans countries, in Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republican, Honduras, Colombia and Brazil. Bananas are also grown in some Asian and Middle Eastern countries.

Bananas trees are started from young plants that bud from the underground stem or bulb of older plants. It is like a giant that can reach the height of 10 meters, rapidly, within a year’s time. The leaves spring one above another, growing in the tubes of the older leaves.

Its trunk consists of tightly wrapped leaves which push up from ground level.

The trees bear mature fruit 13-15 months after planting, depending on climate, and each other requires an area of 100-400 ft2 (9.3 – 37m2), depending on soil and water conditions.

The trees develop flowering stalks with males and female flowers, and the female flower eventually becomes the fingers (single bananas) of the hand. Only one stem (bunch) of bananas is produced per tree.

It happens when the last of the leaves are grown, a sperm appears and mounts the stem, eventually spreading into the main body of the plant and dropping towards the ground. Then groups of flowers the stem become the bunch of bananas.

The bananas grow upside down on the stem and have to be harvested when green so that flavor of the fruit will develop. It is also worth noting that once the banana plant has borne fruit, it then dies to be replaced by other sucker plants from the root system.
Bananas tree