Element of phosphorus in human body

Phosphorus is a mineral that makes up 1% of a person's total body weight. It plays multiple roles in the body.

The main function of phosphorus is in the formation of bones and teeth. About 85% of the body's phosphorus is in bones and teeth. Phosphorus is a component of DNA, and RNA. In addition, phosphorus plays key roles in regulation of gene transcription, activation of enzymes, maintenance of normal pH in extracellular fluid, and intracellular energy storage.

In the form of phospholipids, phosphorus is also a component of cell membrane structure. Many proteins and sugars in the body are phosphorylated.

It plays an important role in how the body uses carbohydrates and fats. It is also needed for the growth, maintenance, and repair of all tissues and cells, and for the production of the genetic building blocks, DNA and RNA. Phosphorus also helps the body make ATP, a molecule the body uses to store energy.

Phosphorus and calcium are interrelated because hormones, such as vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), regulate the metabolism of both minerals.

The kidneys, bones, and intestines tightly regulate phosphorus levels in the body. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adult men and women 19+ years is 700 mg a day. Pregnancy and lactation require the same amount of phosphorus at 700 mg daily.

Phosphorus is found in most food sources and is a component of many commonly used food additives. Dairy foods, cereal products, meat, and fish are particularly rich sources of phosphorus.
Element of phosphorus in human body

What are the causes of osteopenia?

Osteopenia is defined as a decrease in bone density caused by reduced bone formation and/ or increased bone resorption.

Reduction in bone formation may result from either inadequate matrix formation or inadequate the matrix calcification.

Significant failure of bone mineralization, or osteopenia, occurs in more than 50% of premature infants weighing less than 1000g at birth.

Replacement of bone matrix by benign or malignant bone proliferation (e.g. thalassemia, multiple myeloma and leukemia) or bone marrow disease (e.g. metastases, infections and storage disease) may also result in osteopenia.

Deficiency of calcium and phosphorus are the principal causes. Demands for rapid growth in the third trimester are met by intrauterine mineral rates of approximately 120 mg of calcium and 60 mg of phosphorus/kg/day.

Poor mineral intake and absorption after birth in undermineralized new and remodeled bone.

Other most common cause of osteopenia may be advanced patent age or stress-shielding can occur. 

Smoking, poor calcium intake, immobilization, malnutrition, a hypogonadal state, and family history are all risk factors for osteopenia.
What are the causes of osteopenia?